/* ============================================================
   The Standing Wave — editorial research journal
   A stable pattern in a moving medium.
   ============================================================ */

:root {
  /* LIGHT-FIRST default: crisp modern off-white */
  --ink:        #f7f8f8;
  --ink-2:      #eceef0;
  --paper:      #191c20;
  --paper-dim:  #474c53;
  --paper-faint:#828890;
  --amber:      #a4671c;
  --amber-deep: #8a5312;
  --rule:       rgba(20,25,31,0.14);
  --rule-soft:  rgba(20,25,31,0.07);
  --measure:    38rem;

  --serif-display: "Fraunces", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --serif-body:    "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --mono:          "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, "SFMono-Regular", monospace;
}

/* dark palette — applied when the system prefers dark (unless the reader forced light),
   or when the reader forces dark via the toggle */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --ink:        #0c0e13;
    --ink-2:      #12151c;
    --paper:      #ece6d8;
    --paper-dim:  #a7a294;
    --paper-faint:#6f6c62;
    --amber:      #e0a75e;
    --amber-deep: #b9772a;
    --rule:       rgba(236,230,216,0.12);
    --rule-soft:  rgba(236,230,216,0.07);
  }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] {
  --ink:        #0c0e13;
  --ink-2:      #12151c;
  --paper:      #ece6d8;
  --paper-dim:  #a7a294;
  --paper-faint:#6f6c62;
  --amber:      #e0a75e;
  --amber-deep: #b9772a;
  --rule:       rgba(236,230,216,0.12);
  --rule-soft:  rgba(236,230,216,0.07);
}

/* theme toggle button (top-right, subtle) */
.theme-toggle {
  position: fixed; top: 0.9rem; right: 1.1rem; z-index: 70;
  width: 2rem; height: 2rem; border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); background: var(--ink-2); color: var(--paper-faint);
  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  transition: color 0.25s, border-color 0.25s, transform 0.25s;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px); backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}
.theme-toggle:hover { color: var(--amber); border-color: var(--amber); transform: scale(1.08); }

/* --- TL;DR note + Academic/Plain register toggle --- */
.tldr {
  position: relative; margin: 0 0 1.7rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.3rem 1.15rem 1.45rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-left: 2px solid var(--amber);
  border-radius: 3px; background: var(--ink-2);
}
.tldr-label {
  display: block; font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.67rem; letter-spacing: 0.17em; text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--amber); margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.tldr p {
  margin: 0; font-family: var(--serif-body);
  font-size: 1.05rem; line-height: 1.56; color: var(--paper-dim);
}
.reg-toggle {
  display: inline-flex; margin: 0 0 2.1rem; padding: 3px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 999px; background: var(--ink-2);
}
.reg-btn {
  appearance: none; -webkit-appearance: none; border: 0; background: transparent;
  cursor: pointer; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.73rem; letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--paper-faint); padding: 0.4rem 0.95rem; border-radius: 999px;
  transition: color 0.2s, background 0.2s;
}
.reg-btn:hover { color: var(--paper); }
.reg-btn.is-on { color: var(--ink); background: var(--amber); }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }

/* --- subscribe --- */
.sub-wrap { margin-top: 1.6rem; position: relative; }
.sub-note { color: var(--paper-dim); font-family: var(--serif-body); font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 0 0 1rem; max-width: var(--measure); }
.sub-form { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap; max-width: 30rem; }
.sub-form input[type=email] {
  flex: 1 1 15rem; padding: 0.62rem 0.8rem; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--paper); background: var(--ink-2); border: 1px solid var(--rule); border-radius: 3px;
}
.sub-form input[type=email]:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--amber); }
.sub-hp { position: absolute; left: -9999px; width: 1px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; }
.sub-form button {
  padding: 0.62rem 1.15rem; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--ink); background: var(--amber); border: 0; border-radius: 3px; cursor: pointer;
  transition: opacity 0.2s;
}
.sub-form button:hover { opacity: 0.88; }
.sub-form button:disabled { opacity: 0.5; cursor: default; }
.sub-msg { min-height: 1.2em; margin: 0.7rem 0 0; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.82rem; }
.sub-msg.ok { color: var(--amber); }
.sub-msg.err { color: var(--paper-dim); }

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--serif-body);
  font-size: 1.19rem;
  line-height: 1.72;
  font-weight: 380;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* faint grain / vignette for paper depth */
body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
  background:
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 50% -10%, rgba(224,167,94,0.05), transparent 60%),
    radial-gradient(100% 100% at 50% 120%, rgba(0,0,0,0.28), transparent 55%);
}

.wrap { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

/* ---------- masthead ---------- */

.masthead {
  max-width: 62rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: clamp(2.4rem, 6vw, 4.6rem) 1.6rem clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
  text-align: center;
}

.mast-kicker {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.42em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  padding-left: 0.42em;
}

.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 340;
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 8.5vw, 5.6rem);
  line-height: 0.95;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
}
.wordmark em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--amber);
}

/* the standing wave */
.wave {
  display: block;
  width: min(46rem, 82vw);
  height: 74px;
  margin: 1.3rem auto 0;
  overflow: visible;
}
.wave path { fill: none; stroke: var(--amber); stroke-width: 1.4; }
.wave .env { stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 2 4; }
.wave .node { fill: var(--amber); }

.mast-tag {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 340;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.6vw, 1.32rem);
  color: var(--paper-dim);
  margin: 1.5rem auto 0;
  max-width: 34rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ---------- top rule / nav ---------- */

.topline {
  max-width: 62rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.6rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-top: 1rem;
  margin-top: 2.6rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
}
.topline a:hover { color: var(--amber); }

/* ---------- home: intro ---------- */

main { max-width: 62rem; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.6rem; }

.lede {
  max-width: 40rem;
  margin: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4rem) auto clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  font-size: 1.32rem;
  line-height: 1.66;
  color: var(--paper-dim);
}
.lede strong { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 500; }

.section-label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.3em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-top: 0.9rem;
  margin: 3rem auto 0;
  max-width: 44rem;
}

/* ---------- article cards ---------- */

.entries { max-width: 44rem; margin: 0 auto; padding-bottom: 4rem; }

.entry {
  display: block;
  padding: 2.1rem 0 1.9rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.2,0.7,0.2,1);
}
.entry:hover { transform: translateX(6px); }
.entry:hover .entry-title { color: var(--amber); }

.entry-meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.1rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.entry-title {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 360;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.6vw, 2.05rem);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
  transition: color 0.25s;
}
.entry-dek {
  color: var(--paper-dim);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  margin: 0;
}
.entry-more {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--amber);
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
  display: inline-block;
}

/* ---------- article page ---------- */

.article { max-width: var(--measure); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.6rem 5rem; }

.article-head {
  max-width: 46rem;
  margin: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.4rem) auto clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 3.6rem);
  padding: 0 1.6rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.article-kicker {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--amber);
  margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
}
.article-title {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 340;
  font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 5.6vw, 3.5rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 20ch;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
}
.article-sub {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 340;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.8vw, 1.5rem);
  color: var(--paper-dim);
  margin: 1.3rem auto 0;
  max-width: 40ch;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.byline {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
  margin-top: 1.8rem;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.2rem;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.byline .amber { color: var(--amber); }

.article-body { font-size: 1.21rem; }
.article-body > p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 380;
  float: left;
  font-size: 4.1rem;
  line-height: 0.78;
  padding: 0.34rem 0.6rem 0 0;
  color: var(--amber);
}
.article-body p { margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.article-body em { color: var(--paper); }

.article-body h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 360;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.4vw, 1.95rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin: 3.2rem 0 1.3rem;
  padding-top: 1.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.article-body h2 .h-index {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  color: var(--amber);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.article-body strong { color: var(--paper); font-weight: 600; }

.article-body ol { padding-left: 0; counter-reset: item; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.article-body ol li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 2.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  counter-increment: item;
}
.article-body ol li::before {
  content: counter(item);
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; top: 0.15rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--amber);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  width: 1.7rem; height: 1.7rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
}

blockquote {
  margin: 2rem 0;
  padding: 0.2rem 0 0.2rem 1.5rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--amber);
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  color: var(--paper);
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.pull {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-weight: 340;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3.6vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--amber);
  text-align: center;
  margin: 3rem auto;
  max-width: 30ch;
}

.sources {
  margin-top: 3.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.sources h2 {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.28em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
  border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
}
.sources ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; color: var(--paper-dim); }
.sources li { padding: 0.55rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
.sources em { font-style: italic; color: var(--paper); }

.article-foot {
  max-width: 46rem;
  margin: 4rem auto 0;
  padding-top: 1.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-align: center;
}
.door {
  font-family: var(--serif-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.22rem;
  color: var(--paper-dim);
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 34rem;
  margin: 0 auto 1.6rem;
}
.door a { color: var(--amber); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
.door a:hover { border-color: var(--amber); }

.back {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
}
.back:hover { color: var(--amber); }

/* ---------- footer ---------- */

.site-foot {
  max-width: 62rem;
  margin: 4rem auto 0;
  padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem 3rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper-faint);
}
.site-foot a:hover { color: var(--amber); }

/* ---------- load reveal ---------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .reveal { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px); animation: rise 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.2,0.7,0.2,1) forwards; }
  .d1 { animation-delay: 0.05s; }
  .d2 { animation-delay: 0.18s; }
  .d3 { animation-delay: 0.32s; }
  .d4 { animation-delay: 0.46s; }
  @keyframes rise { to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
}

/* ============================================================
   Wave as language — the standing wave threaded through
   ============================================================ */

/* faint oscilloscope "medium" the wave lives in (very subtle) */
body::after {
  content: "";
  position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 0; pointer-events: none;
  background: repeating-linear-gradient(0deg,
    transparent, transparent 43px,
    rgba(224,167,94,0.022) 43px, rgba(224,167,94,0.022) 44px);
  -webkit-mask-image: radial-gradient(120% 80% at 50% 40%, #000 30%, transparent 80%);
  mask-image: radial-gradient(120% 80% at 50% 40%, #000 30%, transparent 80%);
}

/* reading-progress wave: draws in left-to-right as you read */
.read-wave { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 16px; z-index: 60; pointer-events: none; }
.read-wave svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: visible; }
.read-wave .rw-env { fill: none; stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; }
.read-wave .rw-line { fill: none; stroke: var(--amber); stroke-width: 1.6;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 2px rgba(224,167,94,0.45)); }

/* section headers separated by a wave instead of a straight rule */
.article-body h2 { border-top: 0; }
.article-body h2::before {
  content: ""; display: block; height: 12px; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  background: center / auto 100% repeat-x
    url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='52' height='12' viewBox='0 0 52 12'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 6 Q13 0 26 6 T52 6' fill='none' stroke='%23e0a75e' stroke-opacity='0.30' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 28%, #000 72%, transparent);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 28%, #000 72%, transparent);
}

/* a closing standing-wave mark before the front door */
.foot-wave { display: block; width: 128px; height: 26px; margin: 0 auto 1.5rem; overflow: visible; }
.foot-wave .l { fill: none; stroke: var(--amber); stroke-width: 1.4; }
.foot-wave .e { fill: none; stroke: var(--rule); stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 2 4; }
.foot-wave circle { fill: var(--amber); }

/* Sources heading keeps its plain rule, not a wave divider */
.sources h2::before { display: none; }